Ch. 8 The Science Behind EMDR Therapy: How Eye Movement Desensitization Works
Chapter Eight
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy has gained significant recognition as an effective treatment for trauma and related mental health issues. But what is the science behind this unique therapy? This installment explores how EMDR therapy works, the role of eye movements, and the latest research supporting its effectiveness.
Table of Contents
Introduction to the Science of EMDR
EMDR therapy was developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in the late 1980s. It is designed to alleviate the distress associated with traumatic memories by utilizing bilateral stimulation, typically through guided eye movements. This therapeutic approach is based on the idea that traumatic experiences can overwhelm the brain’s natural ability to process information, leading to lingering emotional and psychological distress.
The Role of Eye Movements in EMDR Therapy
The most distinctive feature of EMDR therapy is the use of eye movements as a form of bilateral stimulation. During an EMDR session, the therapist guides the client to move their eyes back and forth while recalling distressing memories. This process is believed to facilitate the brain’s information processing system, helping to reframe and integrate traumatic memories into a more adaptive and less distressing form.
The exact mechanism by which eye movements aid in trauma processing is still under investigation. One hypothesis suggests that the eye movements mimic the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep, during which the brain processes and integrates emotional experiences. By replicating this process, EMDR therapy may help clients reprocess traumatic memories more effectively.
How EMDR Affects the Brain and Nervous System
Research into the neurobiological effects of EMDR therapy has shown promising results. Studies using neuroimaging techniques, such as functional MRI (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), have demonstrated changes in brain activity following EMDR treatment.
One key finding is the reduction in activity within the amygdala, the brain’s fear center, which is often hyperactive in individuals with PTSD and other trauma-related disorders. Additionally, EMDR therapy has been shown to enhance connectivity between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex, the area of the brain responsible for executive functions and emotional regulation. This improved connectivity may contribute to a more balanced and adaptive response to stress and trauma.
Research Studies Supporting EMDR Therapy
Numerous research studies have highlighted the effectiveness of EMDR therapy compared to other therapeutic modalities in treating trauma and other mental health conditions.
Clinical Psychology Review: A meta-analysis published in Clinical Psychology Review examined the efficacy of EMDR in children with post-traumatic stress symptoms. The study found that EMDR had a medium and significant post-treatment effect size (d = .56). It showed that EMDR is effective compared to non-established trauma treatments or no-treatment control groups and has incremental efficacy when compared to established treatments like CBT.
Journal of EMDR Practice and Research: A study published in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research investigated the efficacy of EMDR therapy for adults with anxiety disorders over a span of 20 years. The study included six randomized controlled trials focusing on panic disorder, specific phobias, and self-esteem. The findings suggested that EMDR therapy has a positive effect on panic and phobic symptoms and may be effective for treating generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, and agoraphobia.
These studies collectively reinforce EMDR therapy’s effectiveness, often surpassing other therapeutic methods in terms of speed and durability of symptom relief. By incorporating eye movements and bilateral stimulation, EMDR offers a distinctive and powerful approach to trauma recovery.
Implications for Trauma Recovery and Mental Health
The growing body of evidence supporting EMDR therapy underscores its potential as a powerful tool for trauma recovery and mental health improvement. By leveraging the brain’s natural ability to process and integrate information, EMDR therapy offers a unique approach to healing that can complement traditional therapeutic methods.
As research continues to unveil the underlying mechanisms and benefits of EMDR therapy, it is likely to become an even more widely accepted and utilized treatment for trauma and related conditions. Whether you are a therapist looking to expand your treatment options or an individual seeking relief from traumatic memories, understanding the science behind EMDR therapy can provide valuable insights into its potential for healing.
Until next time, don’t forget to take care of yourself.
– Cat
Getting Started
Catherine Alvarado, LMFT is a licensed psychotherapist, Certified EMDR Therapist, and Consultant-in-Training (CIT) in Redondo Beach, CA. Beyond the pages of self-help blogs, she offers Individual Therapy, EMDR Therapy, Intensive EMDR, & Adjunct EMDR for teens and adults with anxiety disorders, specific phobias, trauma & stress related issues, & somatic complaints.
If you are experiencing distress, contact Cat to schedule a free phone consultation.
